L3: Organic Evolution
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what is the meaning of hominid?
all the species that form the genus we belong to, not just homo sapiens
when was the Cambrian Explosion?
around 500 million years ago
what was the Cambrian Explosion?
sudden appearance of multicellular organisms
what kind of event was the Cambrian explosion?
a radiation event
when did Darwin publish ‘The Origin of species’?
1859
what impact does an abundance of resources have on evolutionary pressure?
it reduces it
what are the premises for the argument of evolution?
• more individuals produced than can survive, • struggle for existence because of disparity between individuals produced vs the number that can survive, • individuals show variation and natural selection takes place, • varieties produce similar offspring so those varieties become more abundant in subsequent generations,
what is the process of natural selection?
individuals with advantageous features have a greater chance of survival in the struggle
what is the principle of inheritance?
selected varieties tend to produce similar offspring
what is the principle of uniformitarianism?
the operations of nature are consistent, slow and not goal directed. natural processes operating today, were alos operating in the past
what was the principle that preceded uniformitarianism?
the idea that the Earth was formed in one constant event- derived from a biblical narrative. realised the earth was much older than initially assumed.
what was the predicted time that the earth formed from the biblical narrative?
4004 BC
when did people start moving away from the biblical narrative of earths formation?
late 1700’s and early 1800’s
what are the names for the two models of evolution (phylogenetic trees)?
gradualistic and punctuated equillibrium
who presented the gradualistic model of evolution?
Darwin
when did people start to question the speed that natural selection takes place?
1960’s
what is another name given to evolution models?
phylogenetic trees
who presented the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution?
Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldridge
what is the main idea behind the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution?
species don’t change for thousands of years until you get a sudden divergence. you have equilibrium for a long period of time until it becomes punctuated by a rapid flow of evolutionary change