Intro to Organic Chem
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What does bond order describe?
whether a covalent bond is single, double or triple
What is the bond order of a single, double, and triple bond?
single –> bond order = 1 double –> bond order = 2 triple –> bond order = 3
How many sigma bonds and/or pi bonds are found in a single bond?
1 sigma bond
How many sigma bonds and/or pi bonds are founc in a double bond?
one sigma and one pi
How many sigma bonds and/or pi bonds are found in a triple bond?
one sigma bond and 2 pi bonds
TRUE or FALSE: potential energy is directly proportional to bond strength.
FALSE –> potential energy is inversely proportional to bond strength
TRUE or FALSE: bond length is inversely proportional to bond strenght.
TRUE
What is the formula for formal charge?
formal charge = (# of valence electrons in free atom) - (# of electrons in lone pair) - (# of bonds)
TRUE or FALSE: In a Lewis diagram, the central atom is usually the least electronegative.
TRUE
What are 4 things to look out for when determining the MAJOR resonance structure?
• full octet • minimum number of formal charges • negative FC on electronegative atoms • minimum separation between opposite FCs
What does VSEPR stand for?
valence shell electron pair repulsion
TRUE or FALSE: lone pairs contribute to the determination of the geometry of a molecule, using VSEPR theory.
TRUE
Provide the number of groups, bond angle(s), central atom hybridization for the following basic geometry: Linear (note: number of groups = number of atoms and lone pairs connected to the central atom)
number of groups = 2 bond angle = 180 hybridization = sp
Provide the number of groups, bond angle(s), central atom hybridization for the following basic geometry: Trigonal planar (note: number of groups = number of atoms and lone pairs connected to the central atom)
number of groups = 3 bond angle = 120 hybridization = sp2
Provide the number of groups, bond angle(s), central atom hybridization for the following basic geometry: Tetrahedral (note: number of groups = number of atoms and lone pairs connected to the central atom)
number of groups = 4 bond angle = 109.5 hybridization = sp3
Provide the number of groups, bond angle(s), central atom hybridization for the following basic geometry: trigonal bipyramidal (note: number of groups = number of atoms and lone pairs connected to the central atom)
number of groups = 5 bond angle = 90, 120 hybridization = sp3d
Provide the number of groups, bond angle(s), central atom hybridization for the following basic geometry: octahedral (note: number of groups = number of atoms and lone pairs connected to the central atom)
number of groups = 6 bond angle = 90 hybridization = sp3d2
TRUE or FALSE: each bond in a double bond contributes individually to the hybridization of an atom.
FALSE –> double bonds do NOT contribute individually to hybridization
If an atom has a choice between sp2 and sp3, it chooses _______.
sp2
What is the geometrical name for a molecule that has 2 groups and alone pair?
bent
What is the geometrical name for a molecule with 2 lone pairs and 2 groups?
bent
TRUE or FALSE: electron delocalization decreases a molecule’s stability.
FALSE: electron delocalization INCREASES a molecule’s stability
What is the name of the rule used to determine if a compound is aromatic? Provide the guidelines.
Huckel’s Rule…a molecule is aromatic if it is: • planar • cyclic • fully conjugated (alternating single and double bonds) • contains a total of 4n+2 pi electrons (where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, etc.) note: all carbons must be sp2 hybridized
TRUE or FALSE: if an atom has both a lone pair and a double bond, the lone pair does not contribute to aromaticity.
TRUE –> note that the double bond contributes to aromaticity