Inflammatory response

to isolate, inactivate and remove causative agent and damaged tissue

the 1st response to injury/infection

stem cells, once mature - immune cells circulate in the blood and some enter tissues (macrophages - mature monocytes) , B cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells

allergic reaction (seen in atopic athsma), and elimination of parasites

redness, heat, swelling, pain

• Increased blood flow - dilation to increase blood flow to provide more oxygen and nutrients required for cellular processes of inflammation. Histamine is released by mast cells and heparin. • Increased tissue fluid - fluid leaving the local blood vessels and entering IS spaces which is drained by lymphatic tissue. Tissue oedema can be harmful e.g respiratory passages. • Migration of leukocytes neutrophils respond to local macrophages signalling cytokines so that neutrophils can squeeze through endothelial cells and enter the tissue. Macrophages become predominant 24 hours after injury and persist if inflammation is not resolved leading to chronic inflammation.

chronic inflammation can occur.

produce antibodies against antigens

remember a specific antigen

Vascular response (dilation, outflow of exudate and increased permeability to remove invading trigger by lymph) Cellular response (cytokines recruit immune cells from the blood predominantly neutrophils to begin with and post 24 hours macrophages complete phagocytosis).

presence of macrophages and leukocytes which damage tissue

detect inflammation but have a decreased efficiency of getting to the source

Type I hypersensitivites