Nutrients and energy
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what is a nutrient?
any substance that is used by an organism for growth, repair or as a source of chemical energy.
name the 5 major nutrient groups.
carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, vitamins and minerals
what is a protein molecule made of?
Amino acids
can animals make their own amino acids?
no
what are proteins used for in living organisms?
cell growth and repair.
True or False is muscle high in protein?
TRUE
what are carbohydrates used for by living organisms?
energy source.
what are the 2 major groups of carbohydrates?
sugar and starch.
what is starch?
a polysaccharide (complex carbohydrate made up of lots of glucose molecules) and it is used as a long term energy storage molecule by plants and some protoctists.
what are the properties of sugars such as glucose?
small molecules that taste sweet and when eaten are absorbed quickly into the bloodstream.
what are sugars used for in living organisms?
quick energy release.
True or False plants and protoctists can make starch but animals can’t?
TRUE
Why do starch molecules make good long-term energy storage?
because they are large and compact.
True or False starch is soluble?
FALSE
True or False is glucose soluble?
TRUE
What happens to starch after it’s been eaten?
it is digested into glucose which is absorbed into the blood and used by cells to as an energy source.
what are lipids?
molecules that do not dissolve in water but do dissolve in alcohol.
what are the 2 major groups of lipids?
fats and oils.
what are lipids used for by marine organisms?
it is used as an energy source, insulation and as a source of fat soluble vitamins( such as vitamin A and D).
What is the name for the layer of fat that whales use for insulation and bouyant?
blubber.
what test do you do to detect starch?
iodine test.
what test do you do to detect sugar?
benedict test.
what test do you do to detect protein?
biuret test.
what test do you do to detect lipids?
ethanol test.