Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (10)
How can socio-economic status be measured ?
• Individual occupation • Area of residence • Health status (life expectancy & infant mortality)
Deprivation is strongly associated with ill health. Explain the relationship between these two factors
The more deprived a person is, the larger the proportion of their life will be spent in ill health and the more like they are to die at a young age
The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health. Outline the explanation proposed in Artefact
• Health inequalities are evident due to the way statistics are collected • Concerns are about quality of data and method of measurement • Discredited as more often data problems lead to underestimation of inequalities
The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health. Outline the explanation proposed in Social Selection
• Direction of causation is from health to social position • Sick individuals move down social hierarchy, healthy individuals move up • Plausible explanation but minor contribution
The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health. Outline the explanation proposed in Behaviour-cultural
• Ill health is due to people’s choices/decision, knowledge and goals • People from disadvantaged backgrounds tend to engage in more health-damaging behaviours • Limited as behaviours are outcomes of social processes, not simply individual choice
The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health. Outline the explanation proposed in Materialist
• Inequalities in health arise from differential access to material resources – low income; unemployment; work environments; low control over job; poor housing conditions • Most plausible
The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health. Outline the explanation proposed in Psychosocial
• Psychosocial pathways act in addition to direct effects of absolute material living standards • Some stressors are distributed on a social gradient of psychosocial factors – e.g. negative life events, social support, autonomy at work; job security
The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health. Outline the explanation proposed in Income distribution
• Relative (not average) income affects health • Countries with greater income inequalities have greater health inequalities • The most egalitarian (not the richest) societies that have the best health
Which services do more deprived groups use?
• GP services • Emergency services
Which services do more deprived groups under use?
• Preventive services e.g screening, LTC reviews, outpatients • Specialist services e.g. CABG and cancer treatments