birth complications
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what is a uterine rupture
occurs during birth when the uterine wall tears, spilling unborn fetus and the contents of uterus into the abdominal cavity.
where is a uterine rupture most commonly found
site of a previous c-section
who is at a higher risk to get a uterine rupture
those who have given many births and those with scarred uterus
hallmark sign of a uterine rupture
very strong and painful contractions that slack off
s/s of a uterine rupture
s/s shock, tachycardia, hypovolemia, hypotension, significant vaginal bleeding maybe present
what is cephalopelvic disproportion
this occurs when the fetal head is too big to pass through the maternal pelvic floor
what is shoulder dystocia
this occurs when the shoulders are wider than the fetal head allowing for crowning the head to be delivered, but immediate retraction of the head into the perineum
what is the hallmark sign of shoulder dystocia
turtle head
what is breech presentation
occurs when the buttock or the feet present first in the birthing process, risking anoxic conditions for the infant
what is prolapsed umbilical cord
occurs when the umbilical cord presents first in the birthing process
what is nuchal cord
occurs when the umbilical cord is wrapped around the infant’s neck during birth
what is meconium staining
constitutes the first stool of a newborn infant.
what has intrauterine meconium passage been associated with
fetomaternal stress and infection
intrauterine meconium passage may result in infants without fetal distress due to
normal gastrointestinal maturation or from vagal stimulation caused by head or cord compression
when does meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) occur
meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is aspirated into the lungs of an infant before, during, or immediately after birth.
risk factors that have been associated with meconium aspiration
placental insufficiency, maternal hypertension, maternal diabetes melltius, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, and maternal tobacco use.
s/s of meconium staining
-gray/green amniotic fluid -nonvigorous infant with depressed respiratory -HR<100bpm depressed muscle tone