1.3.3 Networks
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What is a network?
Two or more computers connected together that can transmit data
What is a physical topology?
The physical layout of a network
What is a logical topology?
The way in which data flows around a network
What is a bus topology?
Network topology where all terminals are connected to a backbone cable
What is the advantage of a bus topology?
Cheaper to set up as no additional hardware
What are the two disadvantages of a bus topology?
If backbone cable fails, entire network disconnected As traffic increases, performance decreases
What is a star topology?
Uses a central node to direct the flow of data
What can be used as a central node in a star topology?
A switch A computer
What are used to identify devices on a star topology?
MAC addresses
What are the five advantages of a star topology?
Perfomance is consistent If one cable fails, only that node is affected Transmits data faster Easy to add new nodes No data collisons
What are the two disadvantages of a star topology?
Expensive If central switch fails, network fails
What is a mesh topology?
Every node is connected to every other node
What are the three advantages of a mesh topology?
No cabling cost As nodes increase, reliabiity and speed of network increases Faster due to no central switch
What is the disadvantage of a mesh topology?
Difficult to maintain
What are protocols?
Set of rules defining how two devices communicate with each other
What is the Internet?
A network of networks Allows computers across the world to communicate
What is the TCP/IP stack?
A stack of networking protocols that work together to pass packets during communication
Name the four layers of the TCP/IP stack.
Application Transport Network Link
What happens at the application layer?
Specifies what protocol needs to be used for the application being sent
What happens at the transport layer?
End-to-end connection established between source and destination Splits & labels data into packets Requests retransmission of any lost packets
What happens at the network layer?
Adds source and destination IP addresses Routers use IP addresses to forward packets
What happens at the link layer?
The connection between the network devices Adds the MAC address identifying the NIC of source and destination computer
Describe the layers of the TCP/IP stack on the recipient computer.
Link: Removes MAC addresses Network: Removes IP addresses Transport: Removes port number and reassembles packets Application: Present data in form it was sent
What is a LAN?
A network spread over a small geographical area typically located on a single site Hardware usually owned and controlled by the organisation using it