Week 1 - Senses
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
How does refraction contribute to the formation of a clear image on the retina?
Involves bending of light rays by cornea and lens to focus an image on the retina (central fovea)
How does accommodation contribute to the formation of a clear image on the retina?
Involves changing the shape of the lens to focus light rays on the retina
How does pupil constriction contribute to the formation of a clear image on the retina?
Constriction of smooth muscle in the iris changes the pupil diameter to control light entering the eye and prevent light scattering around the retina
How does convergence contribute to the formation of a clear image on the retina?
Medial movement of the eyeballs to allow focus of image on the retina
Difference between RODS and CONES in the transduction of light into electrical signals
RODS • only one type of rhodopsin (allows for black and white vision) • low visual acuity (outline of shapes only) • more numerous (120 million) • rod shaped CONES • three different types of rhodopsin (allows for coloured vision) • high visual acuity • less numerous (6 million) (present in only fovea centralis) • cone shaped
Name the Ossicles (tiny bones of the middle ear) from SUPERFICIAL to DEEP
• Malleus • Incus • Stapes
Which 2 structures does the stapes connect?
Incus and oval window
Structures of the inner ear
• Semi-circular canals • Vestibule • Cochlea
Where are high pitched (higher frequency) sounds detected?
Base of the Cochlea
Where are low pitched (lower frequency) sounds detected?
Apex of the Cochlea
Each section of the ——— membrane is tuned for a specific pitch
Basilar
The vestibule is responsible for ——— equilibrium
Static
The semi-circular canals are responsible for ——— equilibrium
Dynamic
Name the accessory functions of the eye
• eyelids • eyelashes • eyebrows • lacrimal apparatus • extrinsic eye muscles • conjunctiva
Function of eyelids
• shield and protect the eyeball from mechanical injury and drying out
Function of eyelashes
• protect the eye from airborne dirt, dust and irritants to the eye
Function of the eyebrows
• protect the eye from moisture to maintain sight
Function of the lacrimal apparatus
• produce tears to protect the eyeball and cornea through moisture and antibodies against infection. Contains lysozyme to kill pathogens
Function of the extrinsic eye muscles
Control movement of the eyeball and superior palpebra (eyelid)
Name the 3 tunics of the eye
• Fibrous • Vascular/uvea • Neural/Sensory
Structures involved in the Fibrous Tunic
• Sclera - Cornea
Function of the Sclera
Fibrous, and provides support for the eyeball, helping it keep its shape. It is a tough protective covering, and the muscles that control eye movement are connected to it
Function of the cornea
• Refracts 75% of light for focus
What are the structures involved for the Vascular tunic?
• Choroid • Ciliary body • Iris