1. photosynthesis, respiration and ATP
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why do plants need energy
photosynthesis, active transport e.g. taking minerals into their roots, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis
why do animals need energy
muscle contraction, maintaining body temperature, active transport, DNA replication, cell division, protein synthesis
photosynthesis is the process where
energy from light is used to make glucose from H2O and CO2 (light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of glucose)
overall equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy -> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
energy is stored in the glucose till the plants
release it by repiration
how do animals obtain glucose
eating plants (or other animals) then respire the glucos to release energy
plant and animal cells release energy from glucose. this process is called
respiration
two types of respiration
aerobic repiration (using O2) anaeorbic respiration (without O2)
Aerobic respiration produces
CO2, water and releases energy
overall equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast produces
ethanol, carbon dioxide and releases energy
Anaerobic respiration in humans produces
lactate and releases energy
a cell cant get its energy directly from glucose so in respiration energy is released from glucose to make
ATP (which carries energy around the cell to where it is needed)
ATP is synthesised via a
condensation reaction between ADP and inorganic Phosphate (using energy from an energy-releasing reaction)
how does ATP get to the part of the cell that needs energy?
it diffuses
when ATP reaches the part of the cell it is
hydrolysed back into ADP and an inorganic phosphate. chemical energy is released from the phosphate bond and used by the cell
what enzyme catalyses the break down of ATP
ATP hydrolase
ADP and inorganic phosphate are
recycled and process starts again qw
why ATP is a good energy source stores/releases only a small manageable amount of energy so
no energy is wasted as heat
why ATP is a good energy source small soluble molecules so it can be
easily transported around the cell
why ATP is a good energy source its easily broken down so
energy can be easily released instantaneously
why ATP is a good energy source it can be quickly
re-made
why ATP is a good energy source it can make other molecules more reactive by
transferring one of its phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation)
why ATP is a good energy source ATP cant pass out of the cell so
the cell always has an immediate supply of energy