Dealing with Offending Behavior: Custodial Sentencing
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custodial sentencing invlves a convicted offender
spending time in prison, hospital or young offenders institution
deterrence is based on
conditioning principles
what are the conditioning principles
the unplesent experience of prison knowing crime will not be tollerated
custodial sentencing ensures that the offender is
taken out of society which protects the public from further offending
the need for incarciration depends on
the severty of the crime
deterence
putting people off committing crimes
incapacitation
protecting the public by removing criminals
retribution
revenge against the offender
Society enacting revenge by making the offender
Suffer
Level of suffering should be
Proportionate to the severity of the crime
Rehabilitation
Reform the offender
Prison should provide an opportunity to develop
Skills, access addiction treatment and reflect on crime
Psychological effects of custodial sentencing
Stress Depression Institutionalisation Prisonisation
Stress and depression
Suicide rates and self harm are higher in prison than in the general population
Institutionalisation
Inability to function outside of prison having adapted to the norms and routines of prison life
Prisonisation
Behaviours unacceptable outside prison are encouraged via socialisation into an “inmate code”
What percentage of UK offenders reoffend within a year of being released?
57%
Recidivism refers to
Reoffending
Rates vary according to
The type of offence committed
UK and US recidivism rates are among
The highest in the world
One of the countries with the lowest rates is
Norway where there is more emphasis on rehabilitation
The Norwegian model of rehabilitation is criticised as being
Soft
Bartol Date
1995
Bartol suggested prison can be
Brutal and devastating