24.4 Ligand Substitution & Precipitation
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What is a ligand substitution reaction?
reaction in which 1 ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another ligand
Write an equation for the reaction between aqueous copper(II) ions + excess ammonia. What is the colour change?
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4NH3 (aq) ⟶ [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) pale blue ⟶ dark blue
Write an equation for the reaction between aqueous copper(II) ions + chloride ions. What is the colour change?
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) ⇌ [CuCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l) pale blue ⟶ yellow
Write an equation for the reaction between aqueous chromium(III) + ammonia. What is the colour change?
[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 6NH3 (aq) ⟶ [Cr(NH3)6]3+ + 6H2O(l) violet ⟶ purple
What is the colour change when copper(II) ions react with excess ammonia?
pale blue ⟶ dark blue
What is the colour change when copper(II) ions react with chloride ions?
pale blue ⟶ yellow
What is the colour change when chromium(III) ions react with ammonia?
violet ⟶ dark green ⟶ purple
Write a chemical equation for the precipitation reaction between copper(II) + sodium hydroxide the colour change:
Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) ⟶ Cu(OH)2 (s) Pale blue ⟶ blue
Write a chemical equation for the precipitation reaction between iron(II) + sodium hydroxide & the colour change:
Fe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) ⟶ Fe(OH)2 (s) pale green ⟶ dark green
Write a chemical equation for the precipitation reaction between manganese(II) + sodium hydroxide & the colour change:
Mn2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) ⟶ Mn(OH)2 (s) Pale pink ⟶ Pale Brown
Write chemical equations for the precipitation reaction between chromium(III) + sodium hydroxide: (one equation for excess NaOH, one equation with equal NaOH)
Cr3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) ⟶ Cr(OH)3 (s) Cr(OH)3 (s) + 3OH-(aq) ⟶ [Cr(OH)6]3-(aq)