eukaryotic cell structure

animal : centrioles, microvilli plant : cellulose cell wall, large permanent vacuoles, chloroplast

contains dna, direct sythesis of proteins controls metabolic activities of the cell dna in nucleus associates with proteins histones, form chromatin, chromatin coils and condenses to form chromosomes

produce ribosomes composed of proteins and RNA (produce ribosomal RNA, form ribosomes)

protects DNA from damage in cytoplasm contains gaps called nuclear pores, allows molecules to move in and out of nucleus

2-5 um long has double membrane, inside is highly folded, forms structure called cristae centre is fluid called matrix have small circular pieces of DNA (mtDNA) contain ribosomes

site of cellular respiration, release energy for cell to use can produce their own enzymes and reproduce themselves (self-replicating)

about 20nm diameter found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytoplasm constructed of RNA molecules produced in nucleolus composed of 2 subunits - small and large (combine after they leave the nucleus) not surrounded by membrane in mitochondria and chloroplasts in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

site of protein synthesis

boundary of all cells controls what enters and exits the cell

made of a phospholipid bilayer partially permeable fragile

stores, modifies and packages proteins into vesicles molecules transported to and from the golgi by vesicles protein modification [adding sugar molecules=glycoprotein/ adding lipid molecules = lipoproteins] folds proteins in 3D shape and package proteins into vesicles

similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum compact structure formed of cisternae looks like a stack of plates

a network of membranes enclosing flattened sacs called cisternae connected to the outer nuclear membrane

ribosomes bound to the surface

processes proteins made by ribosomes

no ribosomes

lipid [cholesterol and steroid hormones] and carbohydrate synthesis and storage

membranous sacs with storage and transport roles single membrane with fluid inside

transport materials inside the cell

hydrolytic enzymes to break down waste material in the cell, including old organelles and pathogens ingested by phagocytic cells plays an important role in programmed cell death [apoptosis]

a specialised type of vesicle that contain hydrolytic enzymes

one of three part of cytoskeleton

form cilia, undulipodia and centrioles

extensions protruding from some cells which provide motility