Chapter 3

left and right atrium (upper) left and right ventricle (lower)

• Deoxygenated blood enters the R atrium through the vein • R atrium contracts once full and pumps the blood into the R ventricle • R ventricle fills, contracts, and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery • The CO2 is removed (to the lungs) and O2 is picked up (by the blood) through diffusion • Oxygenated blood flows through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium • Once full, the atrium contracts and pumps to the L ventricle • L ventricle contacts when full and pumps the blood through the aorta (largest artery in the body) • Aorta distributes to the blood vessels

tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic

opens for flow from the r atrium to r ventricle

allows flow from r ventricle to the lungs

allows flow from l atrium to l ventricle

allows flow into the aorta

the amount of force that is exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessels that is created by the pumping of the heart

veins, arteries, capillaries, venules, endothelial cells

carry blood to the heart

carry blood away from the heart

deliver o2 and nutrients and pick up waste and co2

capillaries empty here and then into large veins that return to the heart

• supplies oxygen to the body and carries away carbon dioxide • regulates acid created during metabolism • pressure change causes air to pass in and out of the lungs

50-90 bpm

12-20 breaths/minute

• waste elimination increase and the need for o2 is greater • stroke volume increases: more blood pumped with each beat • cardiac output increases: more blood circulated per minute • 85-90% of blood is delivered to working muscles

secrete nitric oxide to regulate blood flow

all chemical processes that maintain in the body

carbs, fats, and proteins

they are either converted in glucose for quick use or glycogen for later use. I there is no immediate energy needs and glycogen stores are full, glucose is stored as fat

ATP

short burst of rapid energy that does not required oxygen

• requires oxygen • slower to produce energy but can supply it for a long period of time • Activity lasting longer that 2 minutes • ATP produced in the mitochondria • o2 consumption increases with exercise intensity