amino acids, proteins and DNA 3.3.13 in papers 2 + 3
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what are dipeptides?
simple combination molecules of two amino acids with one amide (peptide) link.
what does an amino acid look like in high pH solutions?
• coo-
what do amino acids look like in low pH solutions?
• NH3+
what are proteins?
sequences of amino acids joined by peptide links.
what are primary proteins?
the sequence of the 20 different naturally occurring amino acids joined together by condensation reactions with peptide links.
what are the 2 types of secondary proteins?
• alpha helix • beta pleated sheets
what are the 3 types of interactions within a teritiary protein molecule?
• hydrogen bonds • ionic interactions • sulfur bridges
how are proteins hydrolysed?
• concentrated HCl • or a strong alkali (NaOH)
what are enzymes?
proteins
Explain how a structural feature of an enzyme enables it to catalyse the hydrolysis of 1 somer but not the hydrolysis of another?
• Enzyme has an active site • Enzyme has the correct stereo chemistry / stereospecific
how do drugs act as an enzyme inhibitor?
• by blocking the active site. • The inhibitor will often bind to the active site strongly so stopping the substrate attaching to the enzyme.
why do amino acids have a much higher mpt than expected?
• it partially dissociates forming H+ • H+ reacts with NH2 • forming a zwitterion • creating ionic bonds which are very strong
how do bases attatch to 2-deoxyribose molecule to form DNA?
• NH attatches to OH on carbon 1
how do phosphate groups attatch to 2-deoxyribose molecule to form DNA?
• OH attatches to OH group on carbon 3 or 5
what does cisplatin do to treat cancer?
prevents DNA replication in cancer cells by a ligand replacement reaction with DNA in which a bond is formed between platinum and a nitrogen atom on guanine.