Complex Ions
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What is a ligand? (I/M w/ lp - frm DCB w/ trans. met. ion)
An ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons that forms a dative covalent bond with a transition metal ion
How type of bonds do ligands form to transition metal ions?
By forming dative covalent bonds using a lone pair of electrons
What is meant by coordination number? (n. DCB to cent. m. ion)
Number of dative covalent bonds to the central metal ion
What is a complex ion?
A transition metal ion coordinated bonded to ligands
How does ligand size affect coordination number? (lrg. lig. = lwr. cood. n. - fwr. lig. fit.)
Larger ligands result in a lower coordination number because fewer ligands can fit around the metal ion
Can a complex ion contain more than one type fo ligand?
Yes
What types of bonding are present in a complex ion?
Only dative covalent bonding
What charges can complex ions have?
Positive, negative or neutral
How are ligands ordered when naming a complex ion with different ligands?
Ligands are listed in alphabetical order
How are two neutral ligands named in a complex ion?
Neutral ligands are named in alphabetical order
Name three common ligands in AQA transition metal chemistry (W,A,C)
Water (H₂O) Ammonia (NH₃) Chloride (Cl⁻)
What type of ligand is (H₂O) and(NH₃), compared to (Cl⁻)?
(H₂O) and (NH₃) are neutral ligands, whereas (Cl⁻) is a negative ligand
• What is the formula for this complex ion?
[Cu(H2O)6]
• Name the complex ion shown
Hexaaquairon (III)
• Draw and identify the shape of this complex ion, [Ni(CN)4]2-
Check online for [Ni(CN)4]2- for drawing Square planar shape with bond angle of 90 degrees
• State the shape of the complex ion present in the following solutions a. Cu2+ ions in water b. Co2+ ions in concentrated HCl c. Ag+ in concentrated NH3
a. octahedral b. tetrahedral c. linear
What prefix is used for chloride ligands in complex ion names?
chloro-
What prefix is used for ammonia ligands in complex ion names?
Ammine-
How does the name of the metal change in a negatively charged complex ion?
The metal name ends in -ate
What shape do most complex ions with four ligands have, and what is the bond angle?
Tetrahedral with a 109.5 degrees
Which metals commonly form square planar complex ions? (NPP)
Nickel, palladium and platinum
What is meant by stereoisomerism in complex ions? (sme. struc. frm. - diff spat. arr. lig.)
Compounds with the same structural formula but a different spatial arrangement of ligands
What does “cis” (or Z) mean in square planar complex ions?
Two identical ligands are next to each other or very close
What does “trans” (or E) mean in square planar complex ions?
Two identical ligands that are opposite to each other