3.3.2.1 Fractional distillation of crude oil plus general alkanes
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What are alkanes?
They are saturated hydrocarbons?
What is petroleum?
A mixture consisting mainly of alkane hydrocarbons that can be separated by fractional distillation
What is the formula for alkanes?
C H n 2n+2
What is reforming?
Converting straight chain molecules into branched chains, cyclic and aromatic compounds
What are the properties of alkanes?
Free rotation around a carbon-carbon single bond Flexible Strong bonds Very unreactive Not able to form polymers Burn cleanly to form complete combustion Chain length increases as: boiling point increases, viscosity increases, volatility decreases Completely saturated
What is the process of fractional distillation?
Crude oil is vaporised and rises up a fractionating tower The vapour cools as it rises and molecules condense as they reach their different cooling temperatures Molecules with different boiling points are tapped off together as fractions After fractionation, the fractions can be processed to make them more useful
What are the products of the fractional distillation of crude oil?
Gases Gasoline / petrol Kerosene / paraffin Diesel oil Lubricating oil and waxes Fuel oil Tar / bitumen