Lecture 19

4 various forms of asexual reproduction that occur in animal kingdom

In which species do fission, budding, fragmentation, and pathogenesis occur?

3 various forms of sexual producers

hermaphroditism & sex reversals: have both ___ & ___ sex structures; both individuals ___ & ____ sperm while mating; enables them to mate with ___ individual; undergo this form when one sex becomes ___

external/internal fertilization: in external fertilization, eggs & sperm ___ into surroundings where __ occurs; requires what 2 factors?

external/internal fertilization: in internal fertilization; sperm is ___ w/in ___ reproductive tract where ____ of eggs occur; requires a ___ ____

which type of fertilizers undergo different modes of development?

what happens in oviparous animals (reptiles & monotremes)

what happens in viviparous animals (marsupials & eutharians)

what happens in ovoviparous animals (rays & certain sharks)

gametogenesis: ____ of gametes; occurs by _____–> producing ___ eggs & sperm; ____ (formation of eggs in ovaries); ____ (formation of sperm in testes)

fertilization: fusion of ___ and ___ to produce a ___ zygote; initiates ____ ____

4 major stages of embryonic development

cleavage: formation of ___ ____ from mitotic divisions of ____; embryonic stage = ___ (approx same size as zygote); interior= ____; —> basically cell division w/o growth

gastrulation: rearranges cells of ___ to form embryonic stage called ____; possesses 3 germ layers= ___, ___, ___; embryonic gut= _____

neurulation: dorsal region of ____’s ectoderm thickens–>forming ___ plate & folds; gives rise to ___ tube (embryonic dorsal hollow nerve cord); beneath ___ is formed

organogenesis: during ___ development 3 tissue layers produce all of the animals ___ & ____ systems;

ectoderm–>___ Endoderm–>___ mesoderm–>___ smcer