S1 - State of matter
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What are the three states of matter?
• Solids • Liquids • Gases
What state you get depends on what?
How strong the forces of attraction are between the particles of the material
How strong the forces are depends on what three things?
• The material • The temperature • The pressure
Describe the formation of solids (attraction? shape? movement?)
• Strong forces of attraction between particles holding them together in a fixed position to form a very regular lattice arrangement. • The particles don’t move from position so keep a definite shape and volume. • The particles vibrate about their position - the hotter the solid becomes the more it vibrates (causes them the expand slightly)
Describe the formation of liquids (attraction? shape? movement?)
• Weak forces of attraction between the particles. Randomly arranged and free to move past each other - stick close together • Have a definite volume but don’t keep a definite shape- flow to fill container • Particles are constantly moving with random motion. The hotter the liquid gets the faster it moves causes them to expand slightly
Describe the formation of gases (attraction? shape? movement?)
• No forces of attraction between particles (very weak if any) Free to move and are far apart. Particles travel in straight lines • Don’t keep a definite shape or volume and will always fill container • Particles move constantly with random motion. The hotter it gets the faster they move . They expand when heated and pressure increases.
What is a physical change?
When the particles don’t change just their arrangement or energy
Solid - Liquid
Melting
Liquid - Gas
Evaporating
Gas - Liquid
Condensing
Liquid - Solid
Freezing
Solid - Gas
Subliming
What do melting and evaporating and subliming have in common?
Heat energy is supplied between the state
What do freezing and condensing have in common?
Heat energy is given out between the states
Describe the energy of the particles from a solid to a liquid
When the solid is heated its particles gain more energy. This makes them vibrate more which weakens the forces of attraction holding the solid together making the solid expand. At a certain temperature the particles have enough energy to break free from their positions. This is melting (solid - liquid)
Describe the energy of the particles from a liquid to a gas
When a liquid is heated the particles have more energy. The energy makes the particles move faster weakening and breaking the bonds holding the liquid together. At a a certain temperature the particles have enough energy to break their bonds. This is evaporating (liquid - gas)