C9
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How are elements ordered in the periodic table? [1]
By increasing atomic number (number of protons)
What is the trend in metallic character across a period? [1]
A gradual change from metal to non-metal
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called? [1]
Groups
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called? [1]
Periods
What happens to the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element across a period [1]
It increased
What happens to the structure of an element across a period? [1]
Giant metallic (e.g Li) - giant covalent (e.g C) - simple molecular (e.g Ne)
Why do elements in the same group react in a similar way? [1]
they have the same amount of electrons on outer shell
What is the same for elements in the same period? [1]
They have the same number of shells of electrons
what are the properties of group 1 elements (the alkali metals?) [2]
They are good conductors of hear and electricity they are soft metals
What are the trends in group 1 as you go down the group? [3]
Reactivity increases, Density increases, Melting point decreases
Write the balanced symbol equation for Lithium with Oxygen [1]
4Li(s) + O₂ (g) –> 2Li₂O (s)
Write the balanced symbol equation for sodium with water [1]
2Na (s) + 2H₂O (l) –> 2NaOH (aq) + H₂
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of rubidium with chlorine [1]
2Rb (s) + Cl₂ (g) –> 2RbCl (s)
Describe the appearance of the halogens chlorine, bromine and iodine [3]
Chlorine is a pale yellow-green gas, bromine is a red-brown liquid, iodine is a grey-black solid
the halogens are diatomic, describe what this means [1]
there are 2 atoms in the molecule (e.g Cl₂)
What are the trends in group 7 as you go down the group? [3]
Reactivity decreases, melting point increases, they become darker
write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of chlorine and hydrogen [1]
H₂ (g) + Cl₂ (g) –> 2HCl (g)
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of chlorine and iron (iii)
2Fe (s) + 3Cl₂ (g) –> 2FeCl₃ (s)
Describe what happens in a displacement reaction
A more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound
write the balanced symbol equation for the displacement reaction between potassium iodide and chlorine
2Kl (aq) + Cl₂ –> 2KCl (aq) + l₂ (aq)
Describe the properties of transition metals [5]
High density High melting point good conductors form coloured compounds can act as catalyst
Describe the noble gases (group 8/0) [1]
unreactive monoatomic gases
explain why noble gases are unreactive? [1]
the have a full outer shell of electrons
Describe the uses of halogens [2]
Argon in lamps, helium in balloons