Topic 3
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What is the CPU
central processing unit.most important hardware component in a computer.
what is inside the CPU
ALU, CU, registers (MDR,MAR,CIR) , ACC, PC, cache
two main features of CPU
: to process data and instructions. to control the rest of the computer system.
what is the Von Neuman Architecture
the design upon which many general purpose computers are based
main features of Von Neuman Architecture
-CPU able to access memory directly -computer memories couls store programs as well as data. -stored programs were made up of instructions which could be executed in sequential order
components of CPU
control unit (CU) Arithmetic and logic unit(ALU) registers and buses
what does the system clock do
keeps in time all components of CPU
what does the CU do
reads instruction form meomory, which is thgen interpreteted using the FDE cycle coordinates and controlls all operations that are carried out
What does the ALU do
allows the required arithmetic and logic operations to be carried out while program is run
eg of arithmetic operations and logics
arith. addition or substraction log. smaller, grater equal
what are registers
small amounts of high speed memory contained within the CPU
what is storedin registers uring processing
address of next instruction to be executed current instruction being decoded results of calculations
MAR
memory address register, stores the address of memory location currently being read from or written to
MDR
memory data register stores data which has just been read from memory or data which is about to be written to memory
PC
program counter stores the address where the next instruction to be read can be found. its value change once an instructions i fetched, it is incremented by 1
ACC
accumulator used when carrying out ALU calculations, stores data temporarily during this calc.
what is a bus
high-speed internal connection, used to send control signals and data between the processor and other components
address bus
carries memory address from processor to other components(primary mem, input/output devices)
Control bus
carries control signals from the processor and carries the clock’s pulses
data bus
carries actual data
primary storage memory
RAM,ROM
RAM
main memory, random access memory, access to it very fast, volatile
ROM
read only memory data permantly saved, non-volatile holds firmware, bootstrap instuction and BIOS
3 operations operated by CPU
fetch= fetched data from memory and stores them in suitable registers decode exexute