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carbonyl chemistry

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卡片总数: 10 张•内容版本: v4•公开卡包•更新时间: 8/1/2026

卡片预览 (10 张)

#1
正面 (问题)

what is an aldehyde?

背面 (解答)

formed from partial oxidation of primary alcohols -CHO group at end of chain

#2
正面 (问题)

what is a ketone group?

背面 (解答)

formed from oxidation of secondary alcohols -CO group in centre of chain

#3
正面 (问题)

naming carbonyls

背面 (解答)

aldehyde suffix -al ketone suffix -one

#4
正面 (问题)

reduction of carbonyls

背面 (解答)

reagents - NaBH4 conditions - in aqueous solution, warm mechanism - nucleophilic addition

#5
正面 (问题)

reduction of aldehydes

背面 (解答)

reduced to primary alcohol RCHO + 2[H] -> RCH2OH

#6
正面 (问题)

reduction of ketones

背面 (解答)

reduced to secondary alcohols R1COR2 + 2[H] -> R1CHOHR2

#7
正面 (问题)

reaction of carbonyls with HCN

背面 (解答)

reagents = HCN or NaCN/H+ increases chain length nucleophilic addition forms a hydroxynitrile

#8
正面 (问题)

test for an aldehyde

背面 (解答)

add tollen’s reagent heat at 60oC for 5-10 minutes silver mirror forms

#9
正面 (问题)

test for a carbonyl

背面 (解答)

add 2,4-DNPH yellow/orange precipitate forms

#10
正面 (问题)

identifying a carbonyl compound

背面 (解答)

purify yellow/orange precipitate find the melting point compare with known data