Chapter 1: Evolution And The Foundations Of Biology
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Biosphere
The regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms
Ecosystem
All the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components I the environment with which life interacts such as souk, water, atmospheric gases, and light
Communities
The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem
Populations
All the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area
Organisms
Individual living things
Prokaryotic
A single-called organism, including the bacteria and Cyanobacteria, that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
Eukaryotes
An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. –> all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria
Emergent Properties
properties that emerge at each level that were not present in the preceding level
Systems biology
The exploration of network interactions that underlie the emergent properties of a system
Organs
A body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body
Tissue
Group of cells that work together, each performing a specialized function
Cells
The smallest structural and functional unit of on organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane
Organelles
The various functionalcomponents present in cells -> ex. chloroplasts
Molecules
A chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms
Chromosomes
Within cells- contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Genes
The units of inheritance - the encode the necessary information to build all of the molecules synthesised in a cell.
What is a DNA molecule made of
Two long chains- strands, which are arranged in a double helix.
Consumer
an organism that obtains its energy by feeding on oher organisms or their remains –> we are consumers
Climate Change
A directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more
Evolution
The concept that the organisms living on Earth today are the modified descendants of common ancestors.
Unity
Result of descent with modification, two species share certain traits
Three kingdoms of life
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Three kingdoms or eukaryotes
Plantae, fungi, Animalia
Independent Variable
factor manipulated by the researchers