Topic 4 - Extracting Metals and Equilibria
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Metals reactivity can be determined by their reactions with
Acids, water, salt solution
A metal is more reactive if
It loses its outer elctrons easier
Metals reaction with acids
They fizz, and the more reactive metals fizz more vigorously and the reaction goes faster. Hydrogen is the gas formed. The amount of hydrogen can be tested usign the burning splint test, so the loudy the squeaky pop the more hydrogen.
Metals reaction with water
Metal+water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Meatls that react vigorously with water
Very reactive metals like potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium
Meatls that dont react with water but react with steam
Less reactive metals like magnesium, zinc and iron
Metal that doesnt react with water or steam
Copper, silver, gold
Determining the reactvity of metals using slat solutions is called
Displacement reactions
Dispalcement reactiosn are
Redox reactions because both oxidation and reduction happen
Oxidation is
The loss of electrons and the gain fo oxygen
Reduction is
The gain in electrons and the loss of oxygen
In dispalcement reactions, a metal is reacted with
A metal salt solution
What occurs duirng displacement reactions
If the metal is more reactive than the metal in solution, it replaces it. If not then nothing happens
In displacement reactions which metal loses and gains electrons
The less reactive metal gaisn electrons(reduction) and the more reactive metal loses elctrons(oxidation)
The reactivity series ordered most to least
Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold
The most reactive metals more easily become
Cations(positive ions) by losing electrons
Metals found in ores are
More reactive so arent foudn pure
Metals found in their pure state
Are less reactive so stay in their element
A metal ore is
A rock that contains enough metal to make it economcially worthwile to extract
The extraction of metal from ores involves
Reduction with carbon
Reduction of carbon for ores process
Carbon and the ore is heated and it reacts, so that the carbon replaces the less reactive metal in the compound, leaving the metal on its own.
It is called reduction with carbon because
Most ores are oxides of the metal, and reduction is the loss of oxygen
To be extracted using carbon reduction, the metal must be
Below it in the reactivity series
If a metal is more reactive than carbon it needs to be extracted by
Electrolysis