Command Words

Work out the values of smth

Give an account of

Briefly detail the principles of an investigation. Name the IV,DV and controlled variables, control experiment and methods of standardizing. Volumes and masses of solutions are normally not necessary

Specify meaning: using specific terminology from the spec

Judge from the available evidence. To get full marks you need to use evidence that both supports and negates the conclusion. Your answer should contain the word ‘but’ - always make comparisons e.g. more species on conventional farming ‘than’ - be specific e.g if your negating the conclusion state why e.g. number of samples taken is not taken so the data may not be representative

Give reasons using your taught A level biology knowledge - be specific e.g when does crossing over occur?

The most ignored statement in exam papers! To get full marks you must refer to the information provided as well as your a-level knowledge

This term refers to the drawing of graphs. You need to estimate of the expected curve. Even on a sketched graph, the axes should be correctly labelled

Present possibilities using all your biological knowledge - link back to knowledge of the topic

Identify similarities and or differences

Identify differences

Produce a labelled diagram

Give the full title

• Give your answer and give the reason for why you gave that answer

• To compare results • To ensure that the independent variable is the cause

• create links in the question to other information about the topic

Make a conclusion about the information provided using your knowledge of the subject e.g. at low oxygen levels, there is enough supply of oxygen for respiration

• No control group • unknown side effects • only one person tested • no stats test

ALWAYS GIVE SHORT, STRAIGHT TO THE POINT ANSWERS!!!!

• No stats test (to show if differences are significant • Another NAMED factor may be involved • Little evidence/ data for higher or lower variable • Correlation does not mean causation • Small sample size • The trial not being done in humans but in mice

ADVANTAGE • Over a long period so more representative • More cost effective because fewer nurses are required • People are more likely to be honest in a questionnaire DISADVANTAGE • Relies on long-term memory so may not be accurate • Person may be more honest when being interviewed