Wk 1- The Cell
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Background to cells : Robert H? in 1665 looked at slices of ? under a microscope. He saw small compartments or ? His research resulted in ? T?
Hooke, cell, cell theory
Cell theory: All living things are made up of ? or more ? All living ? arise from pre existing ? by d? Energy flow , metabolism and biochemistry occurs within cells Cells contain — which is found specifically in the ch? RNA is found in the cell n? and cy?
1, cells Cells, cells, division DNA, chromosome, Nucleus, cytoplasm
Structure of eukaryotic cells: ? structure — contained in nucleus Single or ? celled organism Includes animals, plants, humans
Complex DNA Multi celled
Structure of eukaryotic cells: Cell m? encases cell ? N? Contains ? information (DNA) Cy? O? and cy? (intracellular fluid)
Membrane , contents Nucleus , genetic Cytoplasm , organelles , cytosol
The Nucleus Encompassed by ? envelope. Contains ?nucleic acid (DNA) DNA contains --,000 genes Genes contain the ? for p? DNA is wrapped around proteins / h? Contains smaller nucleolus ~ proteins and --- , produce ri?
Nuclear Deoxyribonucleic 21,000 Code , proteins Histones RNA , ribosomes
Organelles : Organelles can be divided into 2 categories ; • ? ~ in direct contact with cytosol • ? ~ separated from cytosol
Non membraneous Membraneous
Non membraneous organelles include: Cyto? (Structure) Micro? ( Centrioles Cilia Ri?
Cytoskeleton Micro villi Ribosomes
Non membraneous organelles : Cytoskeleton = provides ? support and movement. Consists of 3 components ~ Micro? (Contractile ability) I? filaments (stabilise cell and cell components) Micro t? (Determine cell shape, involved in movement)
Structural Microfilament Intermediate filament Micro tubule
Non membraneous organelles: Micro villi Small ? like projections Increase ? and aid in a? Can be found in d? tract Cilia Long ? like extensions of cell Aid m? of mu? Can be found in r? tract
Finger Surface area , absorption , digestive Finger Movement, mucus , respiratory
Non membraneous organelles: Centrioles Instrumental in cell ? Ribosomes S? p? Free ribosomes dispersed in c? Fixed ribosomes on rough –? Also found in m? (Power house)
Division Synthesise proteins Cytoplasm , ER Endoplasmic reticulum , mitochondria
Membraneous organelles include; M? (power house) ER (?) (highway) G? Complex (stores and transports) L? (Garbage disposal) Perox? (Detoxify harmful substances)
Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Lysosomes Peroxisomes
Non membraneous organelles: Mitochondria Sites of ? production Produces majority of — (?) Adenosine triphosphate Own DNA =
Energy ATP , adenosine triphosphate mDNA
Non membraneous organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum Membrane network attached to n? envelope Rough ER=manufacture of p? Smooth ER= inactivation and ? of toxins
Nuclear Proteins Detoxification
Non membraneous organelles: Golgi complex Modifies, sorts and ? proteins Stores and ? Secretory vesicles for delivery ? the cell Membrane vesicles for cell ? components Transport vesicles for delivery ? the cell
Packages Transports Outside Membrane Within
Non membraneous organelles: Lysosomes Garbage ? and r? Peroxisomes ? harmful substances such as alcohol
Disposal , recycling Detoxify
Prokaryotic cells: ? structure No ? Usually ? celled organisms Includes bacteria
Simple Nucleus Single