Bio 30 Endocrine system L1
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (18)
What is a chemical signal?
Any substance that affects cell metabolism or behavior of the individual.
Where can chemical signals be used?
Can be used between body parts, between cells, and between individual organisms
What is the endocrine system made of?
Consists of glands and tissues that secrete hormones (chemical signals)
Do endocrine glands have ducts?
Endocrine glands are ductless organs that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
What are hormones and what do they do?
Chemicals that influence metabolism of cells, growth and development of body parts, and homeostasis
What are four jobs hormones can do?
• Speed up the action of an organ • Slow down the action of an organ • Cause the release of other hormones (tropic) • Alter the permeability of a cell to various nutrients i.e. insulin
What causes hormones to be produced or released?
They can be produced or released in response to the nervous system OR to the other chemical in the blood (hormones).
What is the difference in hormones response in the endocrine system vs. the nervous system?
Hormonal response is much slower than nervous response, but effect is much longer lasting.
What regulates hormone production and secretion?
• Hormone production mostly regulated by negative feedback – once desired outcome reached, outcome inhibits further hormone release • Hormone secretion usually controlled by negative feedback or antagonistic hormones – both result in homeostasis
What are two classification of hormones?
• Tropic • Non-tropic
What are tropic hormones?
Tropic hormones have endocrine glands as their target causing the release of another hormone (e.g. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) thyroid)
What are non-tropic hormones?
Non-tropic hormones don’t have endocrine glands as their target rather affect target cells directly. (e.g. insulin - muscle, liver, fat cells)
What does the hypothalamus do?
Regulates internal environment via autonomic system and controls secretions of pituitary gland (either by nerve stimulation from brain or release of hormones)
What is the pituitary?
(“master gland”) has two portions: anterior and posterior
What does the posterior pituitary do?
• Stores and releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin produced by hypothalamus • ADH secreted during dehydration causes more water reabsorption by kidneys; regulated by negative feedback • Oxytocin, causes uterine contractions and milk release; controlled by positive feedback
What does the anterior pituitary do?
• Hypothalamus controls anterior pituitary by producing hypothalamic-releasing hormones and hypothalamic-inhibiting hormones • Anterior pituitary produces six hormones – four of these six hormones have an effect on other endocrine glands (i.e. tropic)
What are 3 anterior pituitary: tropic hormones, and what do they do?
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol • Gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH) stimulate the gonads to produce sex cells and hormones.
What are 2 anterior pituitary: non-tropic hormones and their functions?
• After childbirth, prolactin (PRL) causes mammary glands to produce milk • Human growth hormone (hGH) promotes skeletal and muscular growth