Principles of Chemistry - The Periodic Table
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how are elements in the periodic table arranged?
in order of increasing atomic number
what are columns in the period table called?
groups - they indicate the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom
what are rows in the periodic table called?
periods - they indicate the number of shells in an atom
how do you work out the electronic configuration of an electron?
• find the atomic number • remember number of protons = number of electrons • arrange the electrons in shells: 1st shell can hold 2 2nd shell can hold 8 3rd shell can hold 8
how do you classify elements as metals or non-metals?
metals: - conduct electricity - have oxides which are basic and react with acids to give a salt and water non-metals: - don’t conduct electricity (except graphite) - have oxides which are acidic/neutral
where are metals and non-metals on the periodic table?
metals are on the left and non-metals are on the right (and hydrogen)
why do elements in the same group have similar properties?
they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
why are nobel gases inert?
they have a full outer shell of electrons