Unit 1 Atomic Structure Core questions
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Define atom
The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as that element
Define element
A substance made of only one type of atom
Define compound
A substance made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together
Define molecule
A substance made of more than one atom chemically bonded together (can be atoms of the same type!)
Define mixture
A substance made of more than one thing not chemically bonded together
State the three subatomic particles
Protons, neutrons, electrons
State the masses of the subatomic particles
Protons: 1, neutrons: 1, electrons: 0
State the relative charges of the subatomic particles
Protons: +1, neutrons: 0, electrons: -1
How are the subatomic particles arranged in an atom?
Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting in shells
What is the plum pudding model of the atom?
A ball of positive charge with negative electrons studded into it
What did Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment prove?
Atoms have a small dense nucleus with a positive charge
How did Bohr adapt the model of the atom?
He said electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances
What did Chadwick’s work give evidence of?
That the nucleus also contained neutrons as well as protons
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in an atom
What is the mass number of an atom?
The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number - atomic number
How are the electrons arranged in atoms?
Orbiting the nucleus in shells
How many electrons can go in the first shell?
2
How many electrons can go in the other shells?
8
How were elements arranged in the early attempts of the periodic table?
By atomic weight
How are elements in the periodic table arranged?
By atomic number
What are groups in the periodic table?
The columns, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0/8
What do you know about elements in the same group?
They have similar properties (reactions) as they have the same number of electrons in the outer shell
What can the group tell you about the electrons in an atom?
How many electrons in the outer shell. E.g. carbon is in group 4 so has 4 electrons in the outer shell