3.3.12 Polymers (A2)
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what is condensation?
small molecule eliminated (usually H2O) to form a larger molecule
how many monomers are condensation polymers usually formed from?
two
what properties do these monomers forming condensation polymers have?
each has two functional groups
name some examples of condensation polymers?
polyesters polyamides polypeptides
what is the linkage in a polyester?
ester linkage
what molecule is eliminated in formation of a polyester?
H2O
what are the two monomers which form a polyester (generic names and structures)?
diol and dicarboxylic acid or a molecule with both alcohol and a carboxylic acid functional group
which monomers is terylene made from?
benzene 1,4 dicarboxylic acid ethane 1,2 diol
what is Terylene used for?
a fibre for making clothes
what is the linkage in a polyamide?
peptide linkage
which molecule is eliminated when a polyamide is formed?
H2O
what are the two monomers used to form a polyamide (generic names and structures)?
diamine and dicarboxylic acid
examples of polyamides?
Nylon, Kevlar
which monomers is Nylon-6,6 made from?
1,6-diaminohexane hexanedioic acid
if you are making Nylon in the lab, what monomers would you use and why? what molecule is eliminated?
use hexane-1,6-diacyl chloride as the rate of reaction is much faster. HCl is eliminated
what is Kevlar used for?
In body armour (bullet proof vests, stab vests) helmets oven gloves
which monomers is Kevlar made from?
1,4 diaminobenzene benzene 1,4 dicarboxylic acid
why is Kevlar so strong?
Rigid chains and close packing of flat aromatic rings
what are polypeptides? what is the linkage?
peptide linkage made from just one amino acid monomer
why are polyalkenes not biodegradeable?
non polar C-H and C-C bonds
why is it bad to burn polyalkenes?
releases CO2, CO, C (soot) and other toxic chemicals from monomers
where do most polyalkenes end up?
landfill sites
why can condensation polymers be broken down?
they have polar bonds
how can condensation polymers be broken down?
hydrolysis (opposite of condensation)