Covalent bond 3

● Most simple molecular substances do not conduct electricity as they do not contain mobile charges (lack of mobile ions and delocalised electrons. ● However, aqueous acids can conduct electricity as the molecules can dissociate in water to give mobile ions.

● Generally low due to the weak intermolecular forces. ● Depending on the type of intermolecular force as well as the molecular mass. ● Relative strengths: London dispersion force < Dipole-dipole attractions < Hydrogen bonding

● Large separate group of covalent compounds which are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms. ● The carbon chain serves as the skeleton of the molecules. ● Some organic compounds also contain oxygen, nitrogen, halogens and/or sulphur atoms too. ● Carbon compounds that are not classified as organic compounds: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, hydrogencarbonates, and cyanides.

substituent - name of carbon chain - name of functional group

Functional group - an atom or a group of atoms which governs the properties of the compound. The smallest number should be assigned to indicate its position on the carbon chain.

functional group not specific -ane

functional group has C=C double bond -ene

functional group has OH -ol e.g. propanol

functional group has COOH -oic acid

● Number the carbon atoms in the chosen carbon chain, provided a smaller number should be assigned to the functional group. ● Name the functional group along with its position.

meth- eth- prop- but- pent- hex-

• Name each substituent. • Arrange the substituents in an alphabetical order. • State the number of its position along the carbon chain. • Multiplying prefix should be added for several identical substituents being present.

di tri tetra