Lateralization and Language [W5]
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What is Broca’s aphasia?
deficit in speech production; telegraphic agrammatic style
Where is the damage in Broca’s aphasia?
L side of brain, usually anterior
def: telegraphic agrammatic style
lots of content words (i.e., structural: nouns, main verbs, adjectives and adverbs) and few small function words (i.e., determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, modals, qualifiers, and question words)
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
deficit in speech comprehension (production is fluent but meaningless)
Where is the damage in Wernicke’s aphasia?
L side of brain, usually posterior in the temporal lobe
def: paraphasias
words substituted for intended word (e.g., “think” sub for “thing”)
Function of Broca’s area
stores articulatory images of words
Function of Wenicke’s area
stores images of word sounds
what is a double dissociation?
when two related mental processes are shown to function independently of each other (e.g., speech production and speech comprehension)
def: conduction aphasia
impaired repetition
What causes conduction aphasia?
damage to arcuate fasciculus
def: arcuate fasciculus
bundle of axons that connects the temporal cortex and inferior parietal cortex to locations in the frontal lobe
What did Wernicke predict re: posterior and anterior speech areas?
predicted that posterior and anterior speech areas are connected so auditory images of words can be turned into motor images of words?
Assuming they’re connected, what might happen if Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas were disconnected?
another type of language disorder
Difference between apraxia and aphasia
Aphasia —> impairment of the linguistic aspects of speech (eg., comprehension and production) Apraxia —> impairment of the motor aspects of speech production
L hemisphere has major role in _______________. R hemisphere has major role in ______________.
L —> language R —> spatial functions