further temptation to quit (isomers)
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what are isomers
molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement
what are the 2 subsections of isomers
structural stereo
what are the 3 subsections of structural isomers
• chain • positional • functional
what are the 2 subsections of stereo isomers
geomertrial optical
if each carbon bond can freely rotate is it an isomer
nope
what is positional isomerism
when the basic skeleton is the same but important groups are moved around on that skeleton
what is functional isomerism
when substances have the same molecular formula but different functional groups and therefore belong to different homologous series
what is Stereoisomerism – Geometric isomerism - cis-trans isomerism (3 names for the same thing)
when the atoms making up the isomers are joined in the same order but have a different arrangement
when does cis-trans isomerism take place
• when there is a C=C • where a molecule has rings
what happens to the molecule when there is cis / trans isomerism
there is restricted rotation somewhere in a molecule
what denotes a trans isomer in terms of molecules
the 2 chlorine atoms are locked on opposite sides of the double bond
what denotes a cis isomer in terms of molecules
the 2 chlorine atoms are locked on same side of the double bond
what is an optical isomer
ones that have the same molecular formula but are mirror images of each other
what does it mean if something is non superimposed
cannot be stacked on top of each other
what is thalidomide
a drug that stopped morning sickness in women but caused birth defects in babies
why was the effects of thalidomide found during drug testing
drug testing was far more relaxed and most companies were not required to submit testing results to governments. tests that had taken place were on rodents who metabolise the drug differently so the testing didnt bring up any of the side effects
which enantiomer was causing the limb defects
S
which enantiomer was not causing the limb defects
R