Test #4
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What 3 tests classify Azotemia?
BUN, Creatinine, and USG
Pre-Renal Azotemia
Before the kidneys ^BUN, Creatinine, and USG Urine is concentrated
Causes of Pre-Renal Azotemia
Poor perfusion and inadequate circulation Decreased glomerular filtration Shock, CHF, and hypovolemia
Primary Renal Azotemia
Issue with the kidney it’s self ^ BUN and Creat and FIXED USG Urine is dilute
Causes of Primary Azotemia
2/3-3/4 nephrons are non-functional lead, drug and arcinic toxins Snake venom
What 2 things are not working during primary Azotemia?
Glomerular filtration and Renal tubular function
Post-Renal Azotemia
After the kidneys ^ BUN, CREAT, and USG Urine is concentrated
Causes of Post-Renal Azotemia
Urinary obstruction or rupture Laws of diffusion are broke
Post-Renal Azotemia is considered an _____, because?
EMERGENCY can back up and cause primary renal azotemia
Post-Renal Azotemia Tx
IV fluids
What does it mean when you have an ^ PCV/TP and V/D along with Post-Renal Azotemia?
pt also has Pre-Renal Azotemia = poor prognosis
Griffin Beaker
Graduated Used for holding and mixing solutions Not accurate for measuring
Erlenmeyer Flask
Graduated Not accurate for measuring Narrow neck and flat bottom Used for holding and mixing
Volumetric Flask
Measures one Volume only- 500mls Long neck and round bottom
Graduated Cylinder
Graduated Measures Volume, choose the smallest that will hold solution
Cuvette
Test Tube Measures Spectrophotometry by the amt of light transmitted/absorbed thru a solution= amt of glucose in urine
Pasteur Pipette
Transfer pipette Glass with a bulb, disposable Used to remove serum or plasma from tube Not for measuring
Plastic Transfer Pipette
Plastic Not used for measuring
Serological Pipette
Glass, Graduated Used with pipette bulb or pump Measures volume
Volumetric Pipette
Glass, bulge in the middle Measures one volume only- 5mls most accurate, but $$$
Two types of Volumetric Pipettes
TC= To Contain TD= To Deliver
Automatic Pipette
Micro pipette Measures one volume only Measured in ul Tips are disposable
1000 ul = ____ ml?
1 ml ex: 30 ul = 0.03 ml
Final Microscopic Magnification
Oculars (10) x Objective (4, 10, 40, or 100)