The Cell

Pores allow cytoplasmic threads to connect the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells

Allows for the interchange of gases

Dictysome Packages and secretes cellular products such as enzymes

-Only in plant cells -permeable -plasmodesmata -when mature > middle lamella,cellulose,lignin

-Gives shape -protects cell contents -enables water > dissolved substances pass freely through

-Surrounded by tonoplast -contains cell sap -plants have large vacuoles, animals small or not present

-provides turgidy -regulates water contant of cells -pigments in vacuole give colour to some fruit,flowers -stores solutes like minerals

-Plastids > some plant cells -chlorophyll absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis -chromoplasts,leucoplasts

-double membrane (inner is smooth) (outer has cristae) -energy released in form of ATP -respiration takes place

-site of most chemical reactions -transports minerals,dissolved nutrients and gases by diffusion -inorganic,organic

Has 2 layers of phospholipid molecules

Controls movement of substances in and out of cell (diffusion,osmosis) - microvilli increase surface area

-surrounded by a double membrane > contains DNA and RNA -nucleoplasm contains nucleotides -site of protein synthesis (ribosomes) -endoplasmic reticulum (facilitates transport of large molecules within cytoplasm)

Plants -cell wall,large vacuole,no centrosome present Animals -no cell wall,small or no vacuole,centrosome present

Net movement from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration -> reaches equilibrium

Diffusion of water from a dilute solution across a partially or selectively permeable membrane to a concentrated solution-> equilibrium reached