Proteins

-simple organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins

-Amino acids are amphoteric and classified as__________

-formed when the carboxyl group on one amino acid links to the amino group of another amino acid with the loss of a water molecule

-End of protein structure with a free amino group

-End of protein structure with a free carboxyl group

-at low pH

-at high pH

• It helps to grow and repair body tissues • Maintain the myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells • Serves as the precursor for several hormones end

Branched chain amino acid group

-concentrated in muscle tissues and essential for wound healing, immune function, glucose hemostasis, and hemoglobin formation

-regulation of blood glucose, wound healing, and prevention of muscle protein degradation

-promotes mental health and muscle coordination

• Production of antibodies and maintaining healthy tissues 2.Helps in the absorption and conservation of calcium • Serves an important role in the formation of collagen

• helps to initiate the translation of messenger RNA, stabilizes protein structure, and important cellular antioxidant • it is an important source of sulfur for normal metabolism and growth • Assists in the breakdown of fats, and detoxifies lead and other heavy metals • Helps to diminish muscle weakness and prevents brittle hair

• metabolic precursor for tyrosine-essential for the production of dopamine horepinephrine, and epinephrine.

• Important component in the formation of collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel • important production of neurotransmitters and overall health of the nervous system. • Helps to maintain proper protein balance, aids liver function and metabolism of porphyrins

• Metabolic precursor for serotonin and melatonin which regulate appetite, mood, sleep, and pain • Natural relaxant that helps alleviate insomnia, and soothes anxiety, and depression • Essential for the production of niacin

• Major role in the transfer of nitrogen from peripheral tissues to the liver for processing and excretion and strengthens the immune system by antibodies • Serves as a source of energy for the central nervous system • Helps in reducing the buildup of toxic substances released when muscle protein is broken down

• Plays an important role in the synthesis of ammonia • The primary function is the conversion of one amino acid into another via amination or transamination

• Serve as the precursor for several other amino acids, such as asparagine, arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, and isoleucine

• Produced from the transamination of amino acids such as alanine and aspartic acid • Serves as neurotransmitter and has important role in the metabolism of CHO and fats

• Unlike other amino acids, it is not directly coded in the genetic code, rather it is encoded to UGA codon. • Only one synthesized on its tRNA in all domains of life • Only amino acid containing an essential dietary micronutrient (selenium) as a constitutive component

• Need for the proper metabolism of lipids and fatty acids • Plays an important role in the synthetic pathways of pyrimidines, purines, creatinine, and porphyrins serve as a component of the protective myeline sheaths surrounding nerve fibers • Aids in the production of antibodies

• Plays an important role in cell division, wound healing, stimulation of protein synthesis, immune function, and the release of hormone. • Conversion of ammonia to urea