8.3 Qualitative Analysis

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

What is qualitative analysis?

Back (Answer)

Technique that relies on simple observations rather than measurements eg - bubbles, precipitates, colour changes, or identification of gases

Front (Question)

What gas do carbonates produce when they react with acids?

Back (Answer)

Carbon dioxide

Front (Question)

Carbonate ion formula

Back (Answer)

CO3 2-

Front (Question)

Test for carbonate ion

Back (Answer)

Add nitric acid to the solid or solution to be tested If there are bubbles, the unknown compound could be a carbonate Test the gas that is produced

Front (Question)

How to test for CO2

Back (Answer)

Bubble the gas through lime water If it becomes cloudy, the gas is Carbon Dioxide

Front (Question)

Reaction in limewater

Back (Answer)

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 —> CaCO3 + H2O The precipitate Calcium Carbonate is formed, giving the milky colour

Front (Question)

Which sulfate is insoluble in water?

Back (Answer)

BaSO4 Barium Sulfate

Front (Question)

Sulfate ion formula

Back (Answer)

SO4 2-

Front (Question)

Sulfate ion test

Back (Answer)

Aqueous Barium ions are added to a solution of an unknown compound, which forms a white precipitate Barium Sulfate

#10

Front (Question)

Ionic equation of Sulfate test

Back (Answer)

Ba2+ + SO42- —> BaSO4 (s)

#11

Front (Question)

How are Ba2+ ions added to the solution?

Back (Answer)

Aqueous Barium Chloride or Barium Nitrate If a halide test is being carried out next, use Barium Nitrate, as Barium Chloride introduces Chloride ions

#12

Front (Question)

Which halides are insoluble in water?

Back (Answer)

Silver halides

#13

Front (Question)

Ionic equation for halide tests

Back (Answer)

Ag+ + X- —> AgX (s)

#14

Front (Question)

Halide test process

Back (Answer)

Add HNO3 and AgNO3 (aq) to an aqueous solution of a halide Different colour precipitates will be formed

#15

Front (Question)

Only soluble Silver halide…

Back (Answer)

Silver fluoride

#16

Front (Question)

Different colour Silver halide precipitates

Back (Answer)

AgCl - white AgBr - cream AgI - yellow

#17

Front (Question)

How is the solubility of the silver halides tested? Why?

Back (Answer)

Using aqueous ammonia as the colours can sometimes be hard to tell apart

#18

Front (Question)

What happens when NH3 (aq) is added to AgCl?

Back (Answer)

It is soluble in dilute ammonia

#19

Front (Question)

What happens when NH3 (aq) is added to AgBr?

Back (Answer)

It is soluble in concentrated ammonia

#20

Front (Question)

What happens when NH3 (aq) is added to AgI?

Back (Answer)

It is insoluble in concentrated NH3

#21

Front (Question)

How are barium meals used in medicine?

Back (Answer)

Used to enable doctors to see the outline of the gullet, stomach and upper small intestine to identify abnormalities such as ulcers or tumours The white precipitate Barium Sulfate coats the inner lining of the gut which is visible on X ray

#22

Front (Question)

Correct order for anion tests

Back (Answer)

1) Carbonate 2) Sulfate 3) Halides

#23

Front (Question)

Why is the carbonate test carried out first?

Back (Answer)

When dilute acid is added, effervescence is produced from CO2 gas Neither sulfate or halide ions produce bubbles with dilute acid Test can be carried out without possibility of an incorrect conclusion

#24

Front (Question)

Why is the sulfate test second?

Back (Answer)

After adding Ba2+ ions, a white precipitate of BaSO4 is produced BaCO3 is also a white precipitate, so if this test is carried out on a carbonate, a white precipitate will still be formed Therefore, carbonate test should be carried out first to make sure no carbonate is present