Respiratory System
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Define Respiration
A chemical process that involves releasing energy from food substances.
List the parts of the respiration system
Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm
How many lobes does each lung have?
Left lung: 2 lobes Right lung: 3 lobes
Define Alveoli
Grape like sacs that have a high surface area with walls that are one cell thick.
What is the diaphragm?
The sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity.
How do we inhale?
Chest expands and diaphragm contracts which creates a negative pressure. Air rushes in to equalise the pressure.
How do we exhale?
The diaphragm relaxes and chest contracts dues to gravity, it is passive.
What muscles are used during inspiration when exercising?
Sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, scalene and pectoralis minor
What muscles are used during expiration when exercising?
Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
How much of O2 is carried by being dissolved in blood fluid?
1.5%
Is the process of oxygen binding reversible?
yes
Define partial pressure
The pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of gases. The more O2 molecules you have within the mixture of gases, the more pressure O2 exerts as a proportion to all the other gases.
What is the release of oxygen known as?
Oxygen dissociation
What binds to O2 to help it be stored in the muscles?
myoglobin
Define VO2 max
The maximum volume of O2 that is available for energy production during exercise per minute. It is the upper limit of your aerobic fitness.
What does VO2 max represent?
Blood consumed, transported and utilised.
As exercise increases, what else increases?
Breathing increases, Heart rate increases, vasodilation increases and enzyme activity in muscle cells increases.
Define breathing rate
The frequency of breaths per minute.
What is the maximum pulmonary ventilation?
120 L/min
Define Maximum inspiration
A breathe taken in that is the maximum inspiration above the tidal volume.
Define Maximum expiration
A breathe breathed out that is the maximum expiration above the Expiratory reserve volume
Define residual volume
Anatomical dead space
How do you get vital capacity
Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume Can also be done by adding Inspiratory capacity and expiratory reserve volume