Endocrine System
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What are the differences in receptor locations in water and lipid soluble hormones
Water soluble = receptors at the plasma membrane of cell Lipid soluble = receptors within the cytoplasm of the cell
Why can’t we administer a water-soluble hormone through the oral route (give an example of a water-soluble hormone)
water soluble hormones are destroyed by digestion so must be administered via an injection. Such as insulin
What is the difference between the endocrine and exocrine glands?
Exocrine secrete their products into ducts which then carry the secretion to target site Endocrine secrete their products into interstitial fluid which then diffuses into blood
Give an example of an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland
Endo= Pineal gland, Pancreas, Ovaries Exo= lacrimal, salivary , mammary
What organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions
Pancreas
How are hormones inactivated and excreted from the body
Inactivated by liver Excreted by Kidneys
3 stimuli that trigger hormone secretion
• signals from nervous system • levels of chemical in the blood • another hormone
Describe the structure and location of the pituitary gland
small gland that lies in a hollow of the sphenoid bone
2 hormones are released from the posterior pituitary and state where they are produced
oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone. Produced in the hypothalamus
6 hormones produced by the anterior pituitary
growth hormone thyroid stimulating adrenocortitropic hormone follicle stimulating hormone Luteinising hormone prolactin (Grandma Thinks Apples Fall Like Pears)
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of OXYTOCIN
• baby breast feeds sending signals to hypothalamus • neurosecretory cell sin hypothalamus send action potentials down axons to posterior pituitary • oxytocin is then released from posterior pituitary then diffuses into blood vessels
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of ANTI-DIURETIC
• osmoreceptors sin hypothalamus detect an increase of solutes in the blood • neurosecretory cells then generate nerve impulses causing the release of ADH from vesicles in axon terminals • ADH levels then rise in blood causing INCREASE in blood volume and a DECREASE in urine output
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of GROWTH HORMONE
• releasing hormone in anterior pituatry stimulates secretion of GH • main target is all body cells to enlarge and divide but its main target is bone and skeletal
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of THYROXINE STIMULATINF
• decreased metabolic rate or prolonged cold • hypothalamus releases TRH which then goes to AP to release Thyrocine Stimulating Hormone, therefore, releasing thyroxine (T3 and T4). • increasing metabolic rate through the breakdown of glucose and fats which makes heat.
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of ADRENOCORTITROPIC
• stress such as pain • hypothalamus releases CRH which then tells AP to release ACTH. adrenal cortex then releases cortisol. • Cortisol assists with increasing BGL through gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, stabilising SNS alongside being an anti-flam
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in FEMALES
• initiates development of oocytes in ovarian follicles 2. stimulates production of oestrogen
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of Follicles stimulating hormone in MALES
• stimulates testes to produce sperm
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of Luteinising Hormone in FEMALES
• stimulates production of oestrogen and progesterone in ovaries
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of Luteinising hormones in MALES
• stimulates testes to produce testosterone
Name the stimulus for secretion, target cells and the effect of PROLACTIN
• initiates and maintains milk production 2. levels rise dramatically towards the end of pregnancy
3 clinical situations that arise from alterations to the secretion of Growth hormone
• Hypo- secretion during growth years results in dwarfism • Hyper-secretion in childhood results in gigantism • Hyper-secretion in adulthood results in acromegaly
2 clinical conditions associated with the secretion of thyroxine
• Hypothyroidism - decreased secretion of thyroxine leading to slow heart rate low body temp and increased weight gain • Hyperthyroidism - overactivity of thyroid glands leading to increased thyroxine secretion, increased heart rate, increase metabolic rate and weight loss
What mineral is needed by the body to produce thyroxine
Iodine
State the location of the adrenal glands
located on top of the kidneys