PHYLUM CHORDATA

The most distinguishing character that all animals belonging to this phylum have is the presence of notochord;

it is a longitudinal rod that is made of cartilage and runs between the nerve cord and the digestive tract

this is a bundle of nerve fibers which connects the brain to the muscles and other organs

this is an extension of the body beyond the anus

openings which connect the mouth and the throat

sometimes known as the turnicata, are commonly known as “sea squirts”;

Known as lancelets or as amphioxus (from the Greek for “both [ends] pointed,” in reference to their shape), cephalochordates are small, eel-like, unprepossessing animals that spend much of their time buried in sand

also called Craniata, any animal of the subphylum Vertebrata, the predominant subphylum of the phylum Chordata; hey have backbones, from which they derived their name

The traits that make all of the animals in this section special are their __________, __________, and __________

the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo’s development.

gill-bearing animals found in freshwater, marine, and brackish water; dubbed as the most primitive class of Subphylum Vertebrata

primitive earliest jawed fishes of Paleozoic

refers to jawless fishes

mostly marine and cartilaginous endoskeleton

freshwater and marine and marine endoskeleton

characterized by their ability to exploit both terrestrial and aquatic habitats

orders of class amphibia

determine the amphibia order: FROGS AND TOADS

determine the amphibia order: SALAMANDER AND NEWTS

determine the amphibia order: CAECILIANS (LEGLESS AMPHIBIANS)

attaches at the anterior margin of the jaw and folds back over the floor of the mouth; mucous and buccal glands on the tip of the tongue exude sticky secretions which capture the prey

__________ are adapted for functioning on land

amphibians excrete __________ and __________; ridding the body of excess water and conserving water when in land are functions of the kidneys, the skin, and amphibian behavior

class that exhibits scales or scutes which serves as protection