Topic 15
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Describe 2 forms of human pressure in biodiversity patterns
• oil wells • logging
How strong is the relationship between area of islands and their numbers of species?
Very strong
What determines the amounts of species on an island?
• Immigration to an island is easier closer to the mainland • Extinction rates are lower on large islands
Why does immigration to islands decline as distance grows from the mainland?
• It is harder to find the island • Mortality increases on the trip to the mainland
What effects extinction rates on larger islands?
Larger population sizes have a lower extinction risk
Why are extinction rates proportional to number of species present?
Increases in diversity leads to increases in competition leading to extinction rates rising over every island
What island characteristics determine immigration?
Nearness to mainland
What island characteristic determines extinction?
Island size
What are the slopes of immigration and extinction curves on the theory of island biogeography graph?
Immigration slopes downwards, and extinction slopes upwards
What equations do we need to know for island biogeography?
• S(species richness) = c(intercept)*A(Area)^z(slope)
For the species richness equation, what are the axes of the graph where C and Z are taken from?
Number of species on the y axis and area of the island at the X axis
according to island biogeography, how does species richness move in relation to area?
it increases rapidly at first and then slowly as habitat area increases
What does the non-linear relationship between island area and species richness signify?
It does not take a proportionate amount of land to preserve most of the species richness in n area,
What are the two proponents of Diamonds park rules
• Larger is better • More connected is better
What is better for conservation? A circle park or a thin strip of park? Why?
The circle because there is less edge exposure.
What is the SLOSS debate?
The single large or several small reserve debate
Why could several small reserves be better? Why is this wrong?
The non linear relationship between area ad numbers of species, lower areas can hold proportionately higher number of species. This is wrong because the species that would be protected with small reserves would be very easily adaptable and competitive versus conserving species that are vulnerable of extinction.
What does disease contribute to the SLOSS debate?
It helps the several small argument
What does real world experiment say about the SLOSS debate?
Large habitat maintains diversity much more effectively. Extinction happens much less in larger parks long term.