Chapter 4
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What are the 2 types of cells
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic cells are found in
animals
Prokaryotic cells are found in
bacteria and arches
3 types of Archea
Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermacidophiles
Difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus | Prokaryotic cells have chloroplasts
Eukaryote organelles include
Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Mitochondria Chloroplasts Lysosomes Peroxisomes Vacuoles Vesicles
Chromosomes contain an equal amount of
Histones and DNA
Histones are a type of
Protein
Central Dogma
DNA —- transcription —- RNA —- translation —- Proteins
RNA function
Express genetic information
DNA function
Stores genetic information
Chromosomes are seen during
mitosis
Chromatin can be seen during
Interphase
Mitochondria are the site of
Aerobic respiration
Most molecules for mitochondrial function are localized on the
cristae or matrix
Cristae are
infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Mitochondrial matrix is the
fluid that fills the inside of the mitochondrion
The chloroplast is the site of
photosynthesis in plants and algae
The chloroplast contains
flattened membranous sacs called thylakoids, stacked into grana
Endoplasmic reticulum consists of
tubular membranes and flattened sacs called cisternae
The internal space of the ER is called the
lumen
Smooth ER is responsible for
inactivating and detoxifying potentially harmful substances
Golgi complex consists of
a stack of flattened vesicles known as cisternae
Lysosomes are
single membrane organelles that store hydrolases, enzymes that can digest any kind of biological molecule