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Igneous rocks

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Total cards: 6•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (6)

#1
Front (Question)

Mafic vs felsic

Back (Answer)

mafic- finely crystalline (cooled fast) (extrusive) felsic- coarsely crystalline (cooled slow) (intrusive) extrusive- basalt, obsidian intrusive- granite, diorite

#2
Front (Question)

Igneous Rocks

Back (Answer)

form from the cooling and solidification of magma (underneath the earth’s surface) or lava (outside of earth’s surface)

#3
Front (Question)

Cooling rate and texture

Back (Answer)

fast cooling=small or no crystals (ex: aphanitic (fine-grained) and glassy (obsidian)) slow cooling= large crystals (ex: phaneritic (coarse-grained))

#4
Front (Question)

composition

Back (Answer)

mafic: low silica/ rich in iron and magnesium/ dark color (ex: basalt, gabbro) andesitic: moderate sillica/ medium color (ex: andesite, diorite) felsic: high sillica/ light color/ rich in quartz and feldspar (ex: granite, rhyolite) ultramafic: very low sillica/ very high mg & fe/ rare at surface (ex: periodtite)

#5
Front (Question)

textures

Back (Answer)

aphanitic: fine grained phaneritic: coarse grained porphyritic: mixed crystal sizes glassy: no crystals (obsidian) vesicular: gas bubbles (pumice, scoria)

#6
Front (Question)

plutons/ intrusions

Back (Answer)

dike: vuts across rock layers (vertical or steep) sill: parallel to rock layers (horizontal) laccolith: dome-shaped intrusion pushing layers upward batholith: massive, deep intrusion (largest type)