organic synthesis + memorable reactions
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what are the conditions and reagents for nitration of benzene?
• HNO2 - H2SO4 catalyst 55 degrees
what are the reagents and conditions for the synthesis of bezenesulfonic acid from benzene?
• fuming H2SO4 - 40 degrees
what are the conditions and reagents for acylation of benzene?
-acyl chloride -AlCl3 catalyst reflux
what are the reagents and conditions for the synthesis of a diazonium salt from aminobenzene?
HNO2/HCl less than 5 degrees
what are the reagents and conditions for a coupling reaction to produce an azo dye?
-phenol - dilute NaOH >5 degrees
what are the reagents and conditions for the preparation of sodium phenoxide from phenol?
NaOH at 20 degrees
what are the reagents and conditions for the preparation of phenyl ethanoate from phenol?
ethanoyl chloride 20 degrees
what are the reactions for chlorination of benzene?
AlCl3 catalyst Cl2 warm
How do you make a primary alcohol from an alkene?
-conc H2SO4 170 degrees under reflux
how can you make a primary alcohol from a bromoalkane?
reflux with NaOH
which will produce a dibromoalkane? reaction of an alkane with Br2 and UV reaction of an alkene with Br2 at 20 degrees
reaction of an alkane with Br2 and UV = bromoalkane reaction of an alkene with Br2 at 20 degrees = dibromoalkane
how do you make an ester from an acyl chloride?
add alcohol
how do you convert an alkene into an alkane?
Nickel catalyst, 150 degrees, high pressure
what is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal?
salt and H2
what is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with carbonate ions?
salt, CO2 and H2O
what are particulates and how are they formed?
tiny particles of liquid suspended in air, formed from vehicle combustion
what problems does SOx cause and how is it made?
acid rain; combustion of sulfur containing fuels