Replication

DNA double helix

breaks the two stands apart (creates replication fork)

glues the okazaki fragments together

where it opens up

the whole bubble where transcription occurs

1) Nuclease: cut out wrong portion 2) DNA Polymerase: replace with correct nucleotide 3) DNA ligase: stitch it all together

“Extra” DNA on the ends of chromosomes –> throwaway DNA to keep you from losing valuable info

base pairing of one strand of a nucleic acid to a complementary sequence ion another stand

deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases

new molecule is one parent strand, one compliment strand (correct model!)

parent strands rejoin after copying (not true!)

each new strand contains a section of both a parent and a copy

adds new nucleotides

generates primers, starting place for DNA polymerase to begin making mRNA

prevents the DNA double helix getting too tightly wound

5 prime to 3 prime (new nucleotides can only be added to the 3 prime end)

synthesized continuously, towards replication fork, only one primer

synthesized in a series of fragments called okazaki fragments, made away from replication fork

circular DNA found in bacteria

cut DNA at specific sequences called restriction sites

visualize restriction fragments based on size

• DNA with target sequence • heat resistance DNA polymerase • Extra nucleotides • Primers - start at the right spot

it is heat stable and can withstand heating step of PCR

1) need a gene to look for and a protein that will search and cut it 2) get into the cell and attach to DNA sequence of interest and cut it 3) gene can be disabled by cutting out functional parts or a new gene provided to insert into curt