Unit 1

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

Protein that acts as a biological catalyst.

The area of an enzyme where the catalysed reaction occurs.

The specific substance that an enzyme acts upon.

loss of an enzyme’s normal shape so that it no longer functions; caused by a less than optimal pH and temperature.

An enzyme inhibitor that competes with substrate for binding at the active site of the enzyme. Success depends on concentration.

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.

A chemical that works with an enzyme (e.g. NAD).

The bonds connecting amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.

the number and sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain

The coiled shape the polypeptide chain forms as a result of weak hydrogen bonds between certain amino acids

The shape of the coiled polypeptide chain forms when further bonding causes it to fold or twist

A muscle that appears banded; also called skeletal muscle.

Thin filament in muscle.

Thick filament in muscle.

Theory which says that the myofilaments do not become any shorter during contraction and instead slide over each other.

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases.

The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA bases are attached.

Weak chemical bonds that hold nucelotides together.

Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine.

Two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA.

Ribonucleic acid.

Ribose sugar, one of 4 RNA bases and a phosphate.§