C15.8 Making fertilisers in Industry
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What do crops need to be healthy?
Nitrogen Phosphorus Pottasium
What are the sources of Phosphorus?
Phosphate containing rocks
How is Phosphate rock treated to make ammonium phosphate?
With nitric acid to produce phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate - then it is neutralised with ammonia to produce ammonium phosphate
How is potassium sourced?
Are mined from the ground and they are soluble in water - so they can be separated from impurities and used directly
How is triple superphosphate made?
Reacting phosphoric acid with mined phosphate rocks
How is calcium nitrate made?
Reacting phosphate rock with nitric acid
How is a single superphosphate made?
Reacting mined phosphate rock with sulfuric acid
How is ammonium sulfate made in an industrial scale?
Concentrated sulfuric acid is sprayed into anhydrous ammonia gas at 60 degrees The energy transferred in the exothermic reaction is used to heat a neighbouring tower - where ammonium sulfate is heated to make pellets of the fertilisers
Why are the pipes and reaction vessels made up of strong stainless steel?
To withstand high pressures and the corrosive nature of many of the raw materials