Skeletal System Notes
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Provides support for muscles, fat, and skin
Framework
Surrounds vital organs
Protection
Attaches to muscles to provide movement
Act as levers
Produces red and white blood cells and platelets (hematopoiesis)
Produces blood cells
Stores the body’s calcium supply
Storage
Skeleton: forms the main trunk of the body
Axial skeleton
Skeleton: forms the extremities (arms and legs)
Appendicular skeleton
How many cranial and facial bones does the skull have?
8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
Areas where cranial bones join (immovable joints)
Sutures
Air spaces within the bone
Sinuses
Openings in bones for nerves and blood vessels
Foramen
“Soft spots” that allow skull enlargement as the brain grows
Fontanels
How many bones is the spinal column made of?
26 bones
How many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar bones make up the spinal column?
7 cervical neck vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 5 lumbar vertebrae
What is the sacrum?
1 large vertebrae made of 5 fused bones
What is the coccyx?
1 fused vertebra made of 3-5 bones (tailbone)
What are ribs?
12 pairs of long, slender bones. 7 true, 3 false, and 2 floating.
What are the main parts of the sternum (breastbone)?
Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.
How many wrist bones are there in the arm?
8 carpal wrist bones
How many metacarpals are there in the arm?
5 metacarpal bones forming the palm
How many phalanges are there in the arm?
14 phalanges forming the thumb and fingers
How many bones make up the pelvic girdle?
2 os coxae
What are the components of os coxae in the pelvic girdle?
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
How many tarsals are there in the leg?
7 tarsal bones of the ankle