Chapter 1.1
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How to you gain Scientific knowledge?
Scientific investigations
How should we think while doing a Scientific investigation?
Critically Creatively Be observant and analytical
What is the idea behind an investigation?
Observe carefully Measure accurately Communicate effectively Develop hypothesis logically
Name each of the steps and explain them shortly?
Ask question: Testable Make hypothesis: Educated guess Plan investigation: Tools needed for it and what going to do Test hypothesis: Record data, perform fair test, sometimes repeat test to be fair. Conclusion, analyzing intrepid results: Hypothesis, proven correct, incorrect, and why.
How do we conduct a fair test?
Change one thing while keeping others same.
What is and independent variable?
What I change.
What is a dependent variable?
What I observe.
What is a controlled variable?
What I keep the same.
6 heating and fire safety rules.
Wear safety goggles. Only heat chemical when told. Clean work area, materials away from flames. Never reach across flame. Never heat liquid in closed container. Use water bath when heating test tubes.
5 chemical safety rules.
Only mix chemicals when told. Notify teacher when spill Pour liquids over sink Pour acid into water, when diluting Rinse acid on clothing or skin with water immediately.
3 Glassware safety rules.
Never force rubber stopper into tube Never heat glassware not thoroughly dry Use wire screen to protect glassware against open flame Never pick up glassware without checking if hot Never use chipped or broken glassware
Sharp instruments safety.
Cut away from yourself Be careful Notify teacher when cut self
End investigation rules.
Clean up work area Everything back in place Wash hands after Turn of burner Check gas line leading to burner of
10 general safety rules.
Follow instructions Know location safety equipment Dress for laboratory Don’t eat drink in lab Don’t taste sniff chemicals Act responsible Know what to do with lab accidents Leave experiments in lab Don’t experiment on self Know what to do with experiment when over
Objective lenses?
Forms magnified image of object.
Revolving nosepiece?
Houses objective lenses
Eyepiece Lenses?
Lenses closest to eye Further magnified Multiplies and adjusts magnification of objective lens
Body tube?
Connect ocular to objective lenses.
Arm?
Support tube, connect to base.
Mechanical stage?
Object placed onto, hole in so light shine through.
Iris diaphragm?
Rotating part under stage. Allow regulate adjust amount of light.
Illumination?
Light source, base of microscope. Mirror, flat one, concave other, reflect light through specimen.
Base?
Keep steady. Stand for microscope.
Course adjustment knob?
Only used with low power lenses. Adjust scope quickly so specimen approximately in focus.