C8: Rates And Equilibrium
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What does the rate of a chemical reaction tell us?
How fast reactants turn into products
How can you find out the rate of reactions?(there are two ways)
• how quickly the products of the reaction are made - how quickly thr reactants are used up
Equation for rate of reaction
Amount of products made/time
The steeper the gradient_________
The faster the rate of reaction
What must particles do before they can react
Collide with a certain amount of energy(this is the collision theory)
What is activation energy?
The minimum amount of energy that particles must have in order to react
When does the rate of a chemical reaction increase?
If thr surface area to volume ratio of any solid reactants is increased
Why does raising the temperature increase the rate of reaction?(remember the collision thoery)
• particles collide more often - particles collide with more energy
Increased proportion of particles exceeding the activation energy has __________ on the rate than the increased frequency or collisions
A greater effect
What does increasing the concentration of reactants in solutions do?
Increases the frequency pf collisions between particles, and so increases the rate of reaction
Wht does increasing the pressure of reacting gases do?
Increases the frequency of collisions and so increases the rate of reaction
What does a catalyst do?
It speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction, but is not used itself during the reaction. It remains chemically unchanged
What can happen in reversible reactions?
The products of the reaction can react
In reversible reactions, one reaction has to be _____ and the other has to be ______
Exothermic Endothermic
In any reversible reaction, the amount of energy transferred to the surroundings when thr reaction goes in one direction is________to the energy transferred back when the reaction goes in the opposite direction
Exactly equal
In a closed system, when is the foward and reverse reactions equal?
At equilibrium
Increasing the temperature favours what type of reaction?
Endothermic reaction
Decreasing the temperature favors what type of reaction?
Exothermic reaction
What reaction does increasing pressure favour?
Reaction that forms fewer molecules of gas
What reaction does decreasing the pressure favour?
The reaction that forms the greater number of molecules pf gas