States of matter 9c

-Particles are closely packed and touch each other. -Forces between particles are strong and organized. -Particles vibrate in fixed positions but do not move around. -Particles are arranged in a regular, fixed pattern. -Particles have the least kinetic energy in all states.

-Particles are mostly touching. -Forces between particles are weaker and less organized than in a solid. -Particles can move around each other. -Particles are arranged randomly. -Particles have more kinetic energy than in a solid.

-Particles are far apart. -Forces of attraction between particles are almost nonexistent. -Particles move randomly. -Particles move at high speed in all directions. -Particles have the most kinetic energy in all states.

the energy an object has because of its motion. The faster or heavier the object, the more kinetic energy it has.

solid particles are too tightly packed and forces are too strong for you to move through them.

liquid particles can slide past each other, letting you move through water.

gas particles are spread out with weak forces, so your body can move through them with little resistance

-when a solid turns into liquid -The temperature at which the solid melts

When a solid is heated, the added energy makes particles vibrate faster until they overcome the forces of attraction and move around each other, causing the solid to melt into a liquid. liquid particles have more energy than in a solid, extra kinetic energy’s used for this change.

• the process in which a liquid turns into a solid • the temperature at which freezing occurs

The Temperature between them are the same

When a liquid is heated so strongly that the particles are moving fast enough to over come all the forces of attraction between them the stronger the forces of attraction between particles the higher the boiling point of the liquid this is because more energy is needed to overcome these forces of attraction

by Evaporation though its different for each liquid or gas because particle speed depends on temperature. At any temperature, some particles move faster than normal. those at the surface with enough energy can escape the attractive forces & become gas. This happens without bubbling the liquid slowly disappears in open air. In a closed container, gas particles collides with the liquid’s surface. If they move slow enough they are pulled into the liquid This means evaporation & condensation occur at same times.

The temperature in which boiling occurs

Condensing is the process in which gases turn liquid if a gas is cooled the particles eventually move slowly enough that forces of attraction between them start to form and hold them together as a liquid the gas condenses

some substances can change directly between solids and gases at normal pressure sublimation-solid to gas deposition-gas to solid

Sublimation-Carbon dioxide at ordinary pressures there is no such thing as liquid CO₂ it sublimes at -78.5°C Solid CO₂ is also known as dry ice

By identifying the temperatures where the substance changes state on the temperature line, then using these to predict its state.

Room temperature varies in places so we must be clear when comparing. usually 20–25 °C.

A temperature line shows a substance’s state at different temperatures.

Evaporation occurs at any temperature Boiling occurs at the liquids boiling point.

Below: Solid Above: Liquid (below boiling point) or Gas

Below: Solid Above: Liquid (below boiling point) or Gas

Below: Liquid (Between melting point) or Solid Above: Gas